A smartphone is a mobile phone that incorporates features of a personal computer. Smartphones usually allow the user to install new applications, thus increasing their functionalities. This is possible because they run a powerful operating system in the background.
They can include a physical mini keyboard, one being completely a touchscreen, or having a stylus.
The smartphones include Wi-Fi Internet access and cellular network, e-mail services, integrated high-powered camera, web browser, word processor, phonebook, GPS, video games, etc. They also incorporate, of course, the possibility of sending and receiving phone calls through the cellular wireless network.
They are usually the size of a pocket, usually so that it can be held in the palm of your hand.
Its screen stands out, occupying smartphones more than 70% of the surface and uses screen technologies such as LCD, OLED, AMOLED, LED or similar.
In 2012, an estimated one billion smartphones were in use worldwide.
Android and iOS iPhone systems dominate the cell phone operating system market.
Smartphones before Android, iOS and BlackBerry, usually had the Symbian operating system, was the most used operating system in smartphones until late 2010.
Evolution of the cell phone1992
: The first mobile phone to incorporate features of a personal assistant was an IBM prototype, this was shown at the COMDEX computer industry fair that year. It included maps and news. 1994
: A more refined version of that prototype was released in 1994 by BellSouth under the name “Simon Personal Communicator”. It was the first cell phone properly smartphone, although it was not called that at the time. It included sending and receiving faxes, emails and applications such as calendar, appointment scheduler, calculator, world clock and touchscreen notepad. 1993
: It was released to the public in 1993 by BellSouth. In addition to cell phone, it contained a calendar, clock, address book, e-mail, games, calculator, sending and receiving faxes, etc. It had no buttons, only a touch screen. 1995
: The term “smart phone” is first printed to describe the AT&T PhoneWriter Communicator smartphone.1996
: Hewlett-Packard launches the OmniGo 700LX, a modified 200LX personal assistant, which supported compatibility with the Nokia 2110 phone and had the software integrated into the ROM memory to support it. It had a 640×200 LCD screen supporting grayscale CGA. It could then be used to make and receive calls, text messages, emails and faxes. It was 100% compatible with DOS 5.0, which allowed running software from that system, including Windows. Aug 1996
Nokia launches the Nokia 900 Communicator that combined PDA with Geoworks’ GEOS V3.0 operating system with a digital cell phone based on the Nokia 2110. Both devices were fixed together by a hinge in what is known as a cover design. When it opened, the screen was left up and down a QWERTY keyboard. I had email, calendar, calendar, calculator, notepad, text-based web browser, faxing and receiving, etc. When closed, it could be used as a cell phone. Jun 1999
: Qualcomm launches a CDMA Digital PCS Smartphone with an integrated Palm and internet connectivity, it was known as pdQ Smartphone.
That same year the first smartphone with popular acceptance in a country was launched in 1999 by the Japanese firm NTT DoCoMo. It allowed a data transmission of 9.6 kbit/s. I used cHTML in navigation. Its success allowed it 40 million subscribers to the service by the end of 2001. Outside of Japan, smartphones were still rare. Multiple smartphones were released over the next few years. 2000
: the Ericsson R380 was launched by the company Ericsson Mobile Communications, it was the first device released to the market sold as a “smartphone”. It combined PDA and mobile phone functions, a limited web browser, and a resistive touch screen with pen. 2001
: Palm, Inc. launches the Kyocera 6035, which combined PDAs with a mobile phone and operated with the Verizon phone company. It also supported limited web browsing. 2002
: Microsoft announced its mobile operating system called “Microsoft Windows Powered Smartphone 2002”, this allowed them to gain some popularity in the US. Later Microsoft would release an operating system from scratch called Windows Phone.
Handspring launches the Treo 180, the first smartphone to combine Palm OS and GSM phone, internet access, SMS messaging, full integration with the Palm OS system.
Smartphones before Android, iOS and BlackBerry, usually had the Symbian operating system (originally developed by Psion), was the most widely used operating system in smartphones until late 2010. Nokia then abandoned Symbian and allied with Microsoft to use Windows Phone on its smartphones. 2003
: The first BlackBerry releases were GSM BlackBerry 6210, BlackBerry 6220 and BlackBerry 6230. 2006
BlackBerry: BlackBerry began to become popular in what was called CrackBerry, due to the addictive nature of its smartphones.
Starting this year, Nokia’s Nserie series, smartphones focused on entertainment, began to become popular.
In early 2007, Apple Inc. launches the iPhone, one of the first smartphones to use a multi-touch interface. It was a revolution: its large screen, good sharpness, ease of use with the fingers, virtual keyboard, made the iPhone the most popular cellular device in the world. From this moment on, more cell phones with virtual keyboards began to be manufactured. 2008
: In October, HTC Dream, the first cell phone to use Android, is launched. It is also known as T-Mobile G1. 2009
Later that year, Motorola launches the Motorola Cliq, the company’s first smartphone to run the Android operating system (based on Linux). 2010
: Android begins to gain popularity. The vast majority of popular smartphones no longer have a physical keyboard. 2012
– Android is established as the dominant operating system globally in the smartphone market. The world’s largest smartphone manufacturers
The largest smartphone manufacturers are Gigabyte Technology, Group Sense PDA, Hewlett-Packard, High Tech Computer (HTC), I-mate, Kyocera, Mio Technology, Motorola, Nokia, Palm Inc, Research in Motion Limited (RIM), Samsung Electronics, Sony Ericsson.Operating systems used in smartphone
To see the full article read: Mobile operating systems
– Windows Phone (now Windows 10 Mobile)
– Symbian OS (abandoned by Nokia in favor of Microsoft’s OS)
– Maemo/MeeGoSmartphone screen
Smartphone screens range from 2.45 inches to 5.2 inches (these called phablets, mix between phone and tablet). The vast majority of today’s smartphones have virtual on-screen keyboards.
They use LCD technologies mainly, other less used technologies: IPS, LED, OLED, AMOLED and E Ink.
Braille displays for the blind, using microfluidic technology, are expected soon. The future of the smartphone
Some estimated technologies for the next few years will be OLED screens that bend. They are expensive to produce and a small particle of dust during their manufacture can ruin them. Batteries that bend is a difficult thing to achieve.
Charge smartphones with solar energy or using the electromagnetic signals of the environment: radio, wi-fi signals, cell phone signal, etc.
An improvement in battery technology is also expected, because progress in this area has been scarce in recent years. Android’s slowness over time
Why Android phones get slow over time and how to speed them up?
Restarting your cell phone fixes problems and will make it work faster
Does it damage the cell phone battery if I leave it plugged in charging overnight?
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